From landing at an airport to picking up keys at a downtown agency, the age you must be to rent a car isn’t a simple number—it’s a patchwork of company rules, state laws, surcharges, and hidden exceptions. This article details the minimum legal ages, company-specific policies, underage surcharges, international rules, military and government exceptions, and practical tips for young renters. We break down the process step by step, so you won’t be caught off guard at the rental counter.
Here’s what you’ll find: A fast answer to the age question, a rundown of major rental company policies, a look at state and local laws, the reality of underage surcharges, rules for specialty vehicles, international age restrictions, exceptions for government and military, and a practical FAQ for every scenario.
How Old Do You Have to Be to Rent a Car in the US? The Core Facts
No matter where you rent in the United States, the magic number is not a single universal figure. The minimum age required to rent a car depends on three main factors: the rental company, the state’s laws, and the type of vehicle. Still, a clear pattern emerges.
- Most major US rental car companies require renters to be at least 21 years old.
- Some states and cities allow rentals for drivers as young as 18, often due to state laws or government/military exceptions.
- For specialty, luxury, or large vehicles (such as SUVs, vans, or premium cars), the minimum age is often higher—typically 25.
- Drivers between 18 and 24 often face “young renter” surcharges ranging from $20 to $50 per day.
“The minimum age to rent a car is typically 21, but drivers under 25 will almost always pay more. The rules can change at the state line—or at the counter of a different company.”
So, while you can legally drive at 16 or 18 depending on your state, renting a car is a different story. The rental industry views drivers under 25 as higher risk. That’s why age restrictions and surcharges exist in the first place.
Major Rental Companies and Their Age Policies
If you’re planning to rent from a nationally recognized brand, here’s what to expect. Each company follows its own policy, with some flexibility for state laws and special programs.
- Enterprise: The standard minimum age is 21. In Michigan and New York, the minimum drops to 18 due to state law. Government and military employees traveling on orders can rent at 18, with no young driver surcharge.
- Hertz: Minimum age is 20 in most locations, 18 in Michigan and New York, and 19 in Alabama and Nebraska. Government/military renters on official travel can rent at 18.
- Avis/Budget: Minimum age 21 nationwide, with exceptions for Michigan and New York (18). Underage surcharges apply below 25.
- Alamo/National: Follows Enterprise’s policies—21 is the standard, 18 in Michigan/New York, official government travel at 18.
- Sixt: Minimum age is 21, but some vehicle classes require drivers to be 25 or older. Underage fees apply to drivers under 25.
- Dollar/Thrifty: Minimum age 20, with Michigan and New York at 18; Alabama and Nebraska at 19.
These company policies apply across most of the US but are shaped by state rules. If your age is on the edge, always double-check the specific location’s terms before booking.
State Laws: The Exceptions and Oddities
While company policies set the baseline, some states force agencies to accept younger renters. Here are the main exceptions:
- Michigan and New York: State law requires all car rental companies to rent to licensed drivers aged 18 or older. However, surcharges for those under 25 still apply and can be higher than in other states.
- Government and Military Rentals: Across all states, active-duty military and government employees on official orders can rent at 18, usually without the underage fee.
- Alabama and Nebraska: Some companies allow rentals from age 19 due to state regulations.
Outside of these states, local or city ordinances rarely affect the minimum rental age. However, the local office may still refuse a rental based on their own risk assessment.
Underage Surcharges: The Real Cost for Drivers Under 25
Even if you meet the minimum age, the price you pay can be much higher if you’re under 25. Here’s how surcharges work:
- Surcharges typically range from $20 to $50 per day. The exact fee depends on the company, your age, and sometimes the location.
- Drivers aged 21–24 pay the standard underage fee. Some companies have tiered fees (e.g., a 21-year-old pays more than a 24-year-old).
- In Michigan and New York, surcharges are set by state law. They can be as high as $57 per day.
- For drivers 18–20, surcharges are always the highest.
- Government and military rentals on orders are exempt from underage fees.
These surcharges are non-negotiable. They apply even if you have an impeccable driving record, insurance, or years of experience. The only way to avoid them is to qualify for an official exception, such as government travel or a corporate agreement.
Types of Vehicles and Age Restrictions: When 25 Is the Magic Number
Renting a car is not always as simple as meeting the minimum age requirement. The class of vehicle you wish to rent can raise the age bar, even if you qualify for a standard sedan or compact car. Rental agencies often protect their most valuable and risky vehicle categories by imposing stricter age limits.
- Luxury and Premium Cars: Most companies require drivers to be 25 or older to rent luxury, sports, or specialty vehicles. This applies to brands like BMW, Mercedes, Audi, and convertibles.
- SUVs, Vans, and Trucks: Full-size SUVs, minivans, and cargo vans can also be limited to drivers 25 and up. Some agencies allow rentals at 21, but with higher surcharges or insurance requirements.
- Exotic and Performance Vehicles: For high-end vehicles such as Corvettes, Teslas, or Lamborghinis, the minimum age is often 25 or, in rare cases, even 30. These vehicles may require additional screening or proof of insurance.
If you are under 25, always check with your chosen rental location about vehicle eligibility. Some companies exclude young drivers from renting certain models regardless of extra fees.
International Rentals: Minimum Age Rules Beyond the US
If you’re planning to rent a car outside the United States, the rules change—sometimes dramatically. Each country sets its own minimum rental age, and car rental firms apply their own surcharges and restrictions.
- Canada: Most provinces allow rentals from age 21. Quebec and Saskatchewan permit rentals at 18. Underage surcharges apply, similar to US rules.
- Mexico: The typical minimum age is 21, but some companies will rent to 18-year-olds with an extra fee. Surcharges for drivers under 25 are common.
- Europe: Minimum ages range from 18 to 21 depending on the country. France, Spain, and Germany all allow rentals from 18, but surcharges are higher for younger drivers. The UK typically requires drivers to be 23 or 25, depending on the agency.
- Australia and New Zealand: Standard minimum age is 21, with surcharges for drivers under 25. Some companies allow 18-year-olds to rent with extra fees, especially in New Zealand.
- Asia: Policies vary widely. In Japan, the minimum age is 18, but most agencies set the minimum at 20 or 21. In Singapore, most companies require drivers to be 23 or older.
When renting abroad, always check both the country’s legal minimum and the policies of your specific rental company. International surcharges and restrictions can change frequently, especially in tourist-heavy regions.
Government, Military, and Corporate Exceptions
There are notable exceptions to standard age rules, especially for those traveling on official government or military orders, or through major corporate accounts. These exceptions are codified in both company policy and, at times, state law.
- Government Employees and Military: If you are an active-duty military member or a government employee on official travel, you can rent a car at age 18. The underage surcharge is typically waived. You must present valid government or military ID and travel orders.
- Corporate Accounts: Large employers and universities often negotiate special rates and reduced age requirements for their employees or students. In some cases, the minimum drops to 18 or 19 and surcharges are reduced or eliminated.
- Insurance Replacement Rentals: If your car is in the shop and the rental is arranged through your insurance, some agencies permit renters as young as 18, particularly if the insurance company is covering the risk. Surcharges may still apply.
“Traveling on government orders? You can rent a car at 18, and the agency will waive the young driver fee—just bring your official documentation.”
Always inquire about these exceptions before booking; you may need to call the rental location directly to arrange special rates or eligibility.
What Documents and Conditions Apply to Young Renters?
Meeting the minimum age requirement is only the first step. Rental agencies require all renters—especially those under 25—to provide specific documentation and meet other conditions:
- Valid Driver’s License: You must present a government-issued license in good standing. Temporary or learner’s permits are never accepted.
- Credit or Debit Card: Most agencies require a major credit card in the renter’s name. Debit cards are sometimes accepted, but additional proof of identity, proof of return travel, or a credit check may be required.
- Proof of Insurance: If you decline the rental agency’s insurance, you may need to show proof of your own coverage—especially as a young driver.
- Additional ID: For renters under 25, some agencies ask for a second form of identification, such as a passport, student ID, or utility bill.
- Driving Record: Major violations or recent accidents on your record can disqualify you, regardless of age.
Young renters should be prepared for additional scrutiny at the counter. Having all documentation ready speeds up the process and reduces the chances of being denied a rental.
Frequently Asked Questions: Age and Car Rental
Many renters—especially first-timers or those under 25—have similar questions about age limits, insurance, and the rental process. Here are the practical answers to the most common concerns:
- Can an 18-year-old rent a car for a road trip? In most states, only Michigan and New York allow drivers aged 18 to rent from any agency, and underage surcharges will apply. Outside these states, 18-year-olds can only rent if traveling on government or military orders, or through a special corporate/insurance program.
- Is there any way to avoid the underage surcharge? The only consistent ways are to be on official military or government travel, or to have a corporate agreement that waives the fee. Loyalty programs and booking through a travel club (like AAA or USAA) may reduce but rarely eliminate the surcharge.
- Can I add an under-25 additional driver? Most companies allow it, but the same age rules and surcharges apply to all drivers under 25. Some corporate or insurance rentals allow young additional drivers at no extra charge.
- Do car-sharing services (like Turo or Zipcar) have different age rules? Yes. Turo allows renters as young as 18 for standard vehicles (21 for some hosts and vehicles), with extra fees and restrictions. Zipcar requires members to be at least 21, or 18 if affiliated with a university. Insurance and driving record checks are more stringent for younger users.
- What if I turn 25 during my rental period? The age and surcharge are determined by your age at the rental start date. Turning 25 mid-rental doesn’t eliminate the fee.
- Do international visitors face different age rules in the US? No. The same minimum ages and surcharges apply to all renters, regardless of nationality. International renters must provide a valid license, passport, and sometimes an International Driving Permit.
- What happens if I try to rent without meeting the age requirement? The rental will be denied at the counter. Online bookings may not prevent you from making a reservation, but the actual document check happens in person.
Practical Tips for Young and First-Time Renters
For drivers under 25, navigating the rental process can be daunting. A few practical moves can save you time, frustration, and even money:
- Book in advance and call ahead. Confirm all age and surcharge policies with the specific rental location, not just the company’s website.
- Compare surcharges between companies and locations. Fees can vary by $10–$30 per day for the same age at different agencies—even within the same city.
- Check for discounts via clubs, schools, or employers. Membership organizations like AAA, USAA, or university programs may offer reduced fees or minimum age exceptions.
- Have all documentation ready. Bring your license, credit card, proof of insurance, and any required ID or travel orders.
- Review the rental agreement and inspect the car thoroughly. Take photos at pickup and drop-off to avoid disputes about damage—young renters can face extra scrutiny.
- Consider alternatives if underage fees are too high. Car-sharing platforms, public transportation, or travel with someone over 25 can be more cost-effective.
What Happens Internationally If You’re Under 25?
For US residents renting abroad, the “under 25” hurdle persists—sometimes with even stricter rules. Here are country-specific notes for young travelers:
- France, Spain, and Italy: Rentals start at 18 or 21, but surcharges for drivers under 25 are universal and sometimes higher than in the US.
- Germany: Most agencies rent at 18, but only for basic vehicles. Luxury and premium cars require drivers to be 21 or 25.
- UK and Ireland: Minimum age is usually 23 or 25, with large surcharges. Some agencies refuse to rent to anyone under 25, regardless of insurance or experience.
- Australia and New Zealand: Minimum age is 21 for most vehicles, but surcharges for drivers under 25 are common. Some companies allow 18-year-olds with additional fees and restrictions.
- Asia: Wide variation. In Japan, 18 is often the legal minimum, but most agencies set their own age, and surcharges are universal for young renters.
Always read the fine print on age, insurance, and surcharges before booking abroad. International agencies may also require an International Driving Permit.
Key Takeaways: Age, Surcharges, and the Rental Reality
The minimum age to rent a car is shaped by more than just a number on your driver’s license. It’s a careful web of rental company policies, state and country laws, insurance requirements, and risk calculations. For most drivers, 21 is the standard minimum for renting a basic car in the US—unless you’re in Michigan or New York, or have a government exception. Under 25, you’ll almost always pay extra, and that fee can quickly eclipse the base rental rate.
Specialty vehicles, corporate accounts, and international rentals each come with their own twists. Preparation—knowing the rules, collecting your documentation, and comparing options—is the only way to avoid surprise costs or outright rejection at the counter.
Conclusion
Renting a car as a young driver means navigating a maze of age limits, surcharges, and exceptions that differ across states, companies, and countries. The standard minimum age in the US is 21, but real access starts at 25 for most vehicle types and without hefty fees. In Michigan and New York, state law lets 18-year-olds rent, but at a price. Government and military personnel on official travel enjoy unique privileges, while corporate partnerships can sometimes ease the path for students and employees.
Internationally, most countries set the bar at 21 or higher, and surcharges for young drivers are nearly universal. Always read the fine print, as both the age minimum and the extra fees can change on short notice. For drivers under 25, careful planning and documentation are essential to a smooth rental experience—along with a willingness to shop around for the best deal. The keys to the rental counter may be within reach, but they come with conditions that only diligence, research, and preparation can unlock.
